As you’ve seen, the if statement allows you to run a block of code if an expression evaluates to true . If

the expression evaluates to false , the code is skipped. You can enhance this decision - making process by adding an else statement to an if construction. This lets you run one block of code if an expression is true , and a different block of code if the expression is false . For example:

if ( $widgets > = 10 ) {
echo "We have plenty of widgets in stock.";
} else {
echo "Less than 10 widgets left. Time to order some more!";
}

If $widgets is greater than or equal to 10 , the first code block is run, and the message " We have plenty of widgets in stock. " is displayed. However, if $widgets is less than 10 , the second code block is run, and the visitor sees the message: " Less than 10 widgets left. Time to order some more! "

You can even combine the else statement with another if statement to make as many alternative choices as you like:

if ( $widgets > = 10 ) {
echo "We have plenty of widgets in stock.";
} else if ( $widgets > = 5 ) {
echo "Less than 10 widgets left. Time to order some more!";
} else {
echo "Panic stations: Less than 5 widgets left! Order more now!";
}

If there are 10 or more widgets in stock, the first code block is run, displaying the message: " We have plenty of widgets in stock. " However, if

$widgets

is less than 10 , control passes to the first else statement, which in turn runs the second if statement: if ( $widgets > = 5 ) . If this is true the second message — " Less than 10 widgets left. Time to order some more! " — is displayed. However, if the result of this second if expression is false , execution passes to the final else code block, and the message " Panic stations: Less than 5 widgets left! Order more now! " is displayed. PHP even gives you a special statement — elseif — that you can use to combine an else and an if statement. So the preceding example can be rewritten as follows:

if ( $widgets > = 10 ) {
echo "We have plenty of widgets in stock.";
} elseif ( $widgets > = 5 ) {
echo "Less than 10 widgets left. Time to order some more!";
} else {
echo "Panic stations: Less than 5 widgets left! Order more now!";
}